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Sapindus saponaria L.  
Family: Sapindaceae
Tropical Soapberry, more...wingleaf soapberry, western soapberry, Soapberry (es: amolillo, abolillo, boliche, chirrión, amole, guayul, palo blanco, mata muchacho, jaboncillo, mamoncillo)
Sapindus saponaria image
Steven Paton
  • Tree Atlas - English
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Perez, R. and Condit R. Tree Atlas of Panama
Description: A medium-sized tree with a straight trunk, but often branched near the base and with a crown nearly touching the ground. The bark is yellowish or cream-colored. Leaves are alternate, compound, with 5-15 leaflets that alternate (sometimes nearly opposite) along the rachis; there is no terminal leaflet, but one of the last pair is angled forward. Leaflets are asymmetric, the outer half wider than the inner half, and tend to curve backwards. The leaf rachis is ridged or even slightly winged between leaflets. The base of the petiole is swollen and flattened.

Reproduction: Flowers are small, white, in dense clusters at the end of branches, produced from September to December. Fruits are medium-sized, spherical berries, with a flatted section, in groups of 2-3. When mature, they are yellow and covered in a mucilaginous membrane; fruits produced from January to May.

Distribution: A species of the dry Pacific slope, uncommon or rare in forests near Panama City. But individuals are fairly common along the road from Summit Garden to Panama City, and in Balboa.

Similar Species: Should be spotted as Sapindaceae by the leaflets that alternate along the rachis and the arrangement of the last pair of leaflets. Sapindus has more leaflets than other Sapindaceae. The two other species common on the Pacific slope are LK matasc Matayba scrobiculata LK2 and LK matagl M. glaberrima; LK2 both have toothed leaflets. One legume, LK diptpa Dipteryx panamensis, LK2 has asymmetric leaflets like Sapindus, but the rachis is conspicuously winged; recall also that legumes have a cylindrical swelling at the base of the petiole, unlike the flattened swelling in Sapindaceae. LK simaam Simarouba amara LK2 in the Simaroubaceae has leaflets similar in size and shape to those of Sapindus, but they are bright shiny green.

Uses: This family is known as the soapberry family. Sapindus fruits contain chemicals called saponins that were once used as soap.

Perez, R. and Condit R. Tree Atlas of Panama
Descripción: Árbol de 10 a 25 m de alto. Copa amplia, densa e irregular. Tronco ramificado a baja altura. Corteza exterior crema o amarillenta, lenticelada. Ramitas terminales cilíndricas, a veces ligeramente aristadas y con lenticelas granulares. Hojas imparipinnadas y alternas, con 5-15 folíolos, alternos en el raquis. Folíolos de 10-16 x 3-5 cm, oblongos o lanceolados, con ápice acuminado, bordes enteros y base aguda a obtusa. Los folíolos son glabros y asimétricos, a veces presentan manchas cloróticas en el haz. Pecíolo de 3-5 cm de largo, pulvinado en la base. Raquis a veces surcado y ligeramente alado. La especie es polígama. Flores blancas y pequeñas. Frutos en drupas globosas, de 0.5-1.5 cm de largo, se encuentran unidos en grupos de 2 ó 3, verdes, tornándose amarillos y rodeados por una bolsa mucilaginosa y transparente al madurar.

Datos Ecológicos: La especie crece a bajas elevaciones, en lugares secos o húmedos. En Panamá se encuentra en las provincias de Chiriquí, Coclé, Herrera, Los Santos, Panamá y Veraguas. Común en pastizales y bosques secos del Pacífico, pero rara o ausente en bosques lluviosos del Caribe. Florece y fructifica de noviembre a mayo. Las flores son visitadas por abejas y otros insectos. Las semillas son dispersadas por animales. En el suelo las semillas son dañadas por un coleóptero de la familia Cerambycidae.

Especies Parecidas: A veces Sapindus tiene el raquis alado y puede confundirse con LK diptpa Dipteryx oleifera LK2 , pero D. oleifera es un árbol de mayor tamaño, con flores rosadas o ligeramente moradas y el fruto es una drupa de mayor tamaño.

Usos: La madera es empleada para fabricar mangos de herramientas, horcones, leña y postes de cercas. Los frutos tienen un contenido alto de saponinas y se utilizaban antiguamente como jabón para lavar la ropa. La infusión de las hojas y los frutos se utiliza en la medicina tradicional para curar las mordeduras de serpientes, úlceras y cataratas. En muchos lugares del interior del país antiguamente se empleaban las semillas para fabricar collares. Los árboles de esta especie tienen un gran potencial como planta melífera en fincas dedicadas a la apicultura.

Sapindus saponaria
Open Interactive Map
Sapindus saponaria image
Steven Paton
Sapindus saponaria image
Rolando Pérez
Sapindus saponaria image
Rolando Pérez
Sapindus saponaria image
Steven Paton
Sapindus saponaria image
Rolando Pérez
Sapindus saponaria image
Rolando Pérez
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This project is supported by the National Science Foundation's Division of Environmental Biology through an award titled "Advancing Revisionary Taxonomy and Systematics: Integrative Research and Training in Tropical Taxonomy" (DEB-1456674). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed on this website are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.