Habitat: This Tanager species can be commonly found in canopy and borders of second-growth woodland and forest borders in the lowlands. Distribution: This species has been reported from Honduras to northern Bolivia and central Brazil. Natural History Notes: The White-shouldered Tanager is an insectivorous bird that will forage mostly at medium tree levels, but can also be found at any tree levels. Its diet consists mainly of insects, but it will sometimes eat fruits. Conservation status according to IUCN 2008 Red list: Least Concern (LC). It is a resident species. Characteristics: The total length of this species varies between 5 inches and 5.25 inches (measured from tip of bill to end of tail). This bird has the base of the mandible blue gray colored. The race present in Bocas del Toro (axillaris) has a glossy black plumage with a white area on the wing-coverts, somehow smaller than the area found on other races, and white under wing-linings. The female has an olive plumage above and contrary to the other races, the one found in Bocas del Toro has the head also olive and not grayish. The female also has the throat yellow.