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Family: Centrolenidae
Fleischmann's Glass Frog, more...Fleischmanns Glass Frog, Northern Glassfrog (es: Rana De Cristal, Rana De Vidrio, Rana Vientre TraslĂșcido)
[Centrolenella fleischmanni (Boettger, 1893)] |
Adult: Species description based on Savage (2002). A small glassfrog (males to 28 mm, females to 32 mm). Dorsal: The dorsal surface is bright green with small, pale yellowish or greenish spots. Ventral: The ventral surface is transparent. The red heart is covered by white tissue and not visible, and the liver and digestive tract are white. Distinguishing characteristics: The typanum is not visible in Hyalinobatrachium fleishmanni. Eye: The iris is golden yellow. The eyes are not particularly protuberant. Breeding season: Males call throughout the year, but breeding takes place primarily during the dry season (Greer and Wells 1980, Hayles 1991). Breeding occurs at streams. Egg: Clutches of 10-50 eggs are laid on the undersurface of leaves (Greer and Wells 1980). Eggs hatch in 14-34 days (Greer and Wells 1980). Hatching is often delayed until a heavy rain (Greer and Wells 1980). Tadpole: The tadpole is small and fairly flattened, with a long, muscular tail (Savage 2002). The dorsal surface is brownish and the ventral surface appears pinkish (the blood inside the body is visible, Savage 2002). The tail fins are clear, but the tail muscle has some dark pigmentation (Savage 2002). The tadpoles burrow into debris at the bottom of streams, where they remain until metamorphosis (Savage 2002). Habitat: Lowland, premontane and lower montane forest to 1680 m. Also found in more disturbed areas. Ecology: Zygorithid fly larvae are a signficant source of egg mortality (Villa 1977, Villa 1978, Villa 1984). Eggs may also be infected by fungus (Hayes 1991) and depredated by possums and crickets (Hayes 1983). Call: A single "wheet" (Starrett and Savage 1973, Savage 2002). Males also produce a "mew" when approached by intruding males as well as when females approach them (Greer and Wells 1980). Behavior and communication: Males are territorial and will engage in wrestling bouts with intruding males (Greer and Wells 1980, Jacobson 1985). Males also attend clutches, periodically hydrating them by climbing on top of them (Greer and Wells 1980). Karyotype: 2N = 20 (Duellman and Cole 1965) Type locality: San JosĂ©, Costa Rica Diagnostic description: The back strip lacks a vertebral straight on both sides bordeda yellow stripes. The dorsal background color in living specimens, is green with yellow spots (preserved specimens are nearly uniform yellowish or whitish, but sometimes have purple or brown spots). The eardrum is hidden. Usually without enlarged parotid glands, but if present. Head lacking ridges. No dorsal fold in the head or fleshy fold on the roof of the mouth. The belly is transparent in living specimens, which will allow the internal organs. The bones are white in live specimens. The pericardium is white in live specimens. A conspicuous lack tarsal tubercle, and the leg lacks tarsal fold. They have legs with five toes; no two elongated inner tubers, such as shovels, with a free margin. Without a pair of fleshy protrusions on the dorsal terminal finger region. They have a small digital groove, which separates the upper surface of the finger and bearing, at least in the two outer fingers and toes of the foot. Ventral disk lacks. The fingers are usually membranes; intercalary cartilage present between the last phalanges of the fingers. The talus and calcaneus are fused, the terminals are straight or T or Y. foma lack vomerine teeth. The membrane between the fingers of the hand ll-lll is not as extensive as between fingers III-IV, but restricted to the base of the toes. They have fleshy nostrils in barely visible projections. Habitat: They live in very humid low montane forests. Reproduction: The males do not sing in amplexus or tending eggs. Eggs are laid under leaves. Food: They feed on small insects like flies and crickets. Behavior: They are nocturnal. Relationships: In two falángidos Monteverde (was observed Prionostemma frontale ) and grílido ( tibialis Paroecanthus 35 pm) feeding on embryos of this species, at 11. and 1:45 a.m.. respectively. A spider (observed Cupiennus sp.) feeding on the carcass of an adult frog. Distribution in Costa Rica: In wetlands, low and medium, and the Atlantic slope of the center and south of the Pacific slope, between 100 and 1,680 m. Lift (Savage 2002). Distribution outside Costa Rica: It is found from Mexico to Ecuador and Suriname. |
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