Amazon Milk Frog, more...Common Tree Frog, Laurenti's Brown Treefrog, Laurentis Brown Treefrog, Lost Treefrog, Marbled Tree Frog, Merian Frog, Milky Treefrog, Veined Frog, Veined Tree Frog, Veined Tree Frog, Veined Treefrog, Warty Tree Frog (es: Rana Lechosa, Rana-de Árbol Lechosa)
Adult: Species description based on Savage (2002). A large, robust treefrog (males to 101 mm, females to 114 mm). Dorsal: The background color of the dorsum ranges from grey to tan. Some individuals have a yellowish or reddish cast. The dorsum of most individuals is largely covered by a dark brown patch that covers the head behind the eyes and extends down onto the back. The thighs are barred. Ventral: The ventral surface is dingy white or pale brown. The vocal sac of males is darker brown than the rest of the ventral surface. Eye: The iris is gold, with black flecking.
Breeding season: Breeding occurs during the early part of the rainy season after heavy rains (Savage 2002). Egg: Eggs are laid as a large surface film (Zweifel 1964, Savage 2002). They hatch after about one day (Zweifel 1964). Tadpole: Tadpoles are oval-shaped with a moderately long tail with moderate tail fins (Savage 2002). Tadpoles are brown, and have a dark line that extends from the snout, through the eye, and onto the tail (Savage 2002). Tadpoles metamorphose in as little as 37 days (Zweiful 1964, Pyburn 1976). Metamorph juvenile: Metamorphs have a dark stripe on their legs (Zweifel 1964).
Habitat: Lowland and premontane forest to 1610 m. Call: A loud repeated growl (Duellman 1970, Lee 1996). Males have paired vocal sacs; each inflates on either side of the head (Savage 2002). Behavior and communication: Phrynohyas venulosus is capable of parachuting through the air (Cott 1926). Type locality: arbustis et arboribus ad flumen Teffé (Brazil) Physiology: The effects of contact with glandular secretions have been documented extensively (Smith 1941, Duellman 1956, Shannon and Humphrey 1957, Neill and Allen 1959, Janzen 1962, Meyer and Foster 1996). The reactions caused by this frog include sneezing, skin irritation and swelling, and even temporary blindness. The glandular secretions may thus serve to deter predators; however, they may also prevent dessication during the dry season (McDiarmid 1968). The glands that produce the secretions are more prominent during the dry season (McDiarmid 1968).