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Family: Centrolenidae
San Jose Cochran Frog, more... (es: Rana De Cristal, Rana De Vidrio)
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Adult: Species description based on Savage and Starrett (1967), Ibanez et al 1999), and Savage (2002). Small frog; males to 25 mm, females to 32 mm. Dorsal: Dorsal surface blue-green and a little granular. Many small whitish or yellowish spots present. Ventral: Ventral surface transparent white, but with more yellow on the undersides of the arms and legs. The digestive tract, liver and kidneys visible. The heart is not visible. Distinguishing characteristics: Lower arms and legs have a distinct white fleshy fringe. Cochranella euknemos also has a white lip line. Eye: Iris grayish ivory. Extremities: Feet moderately webbed. Breeding season: In Costa Rica, males call from May to November (Hayes 1991). Egg: Eggs are black and white (Savage and Starrett 1967, Savage 2002). Gelatinous egg masses are laid on the tips of leaves overhanging streams in such a way that the leaf funnels water and keeps the mass hydrated (Hayes 1991). Tadpole: The tadpole of Cochranella euknemos is undescribed but Lips and Savage (1996) suggest some characteristics that it is likely to have based on the features of other Centrolenid tadpoles. In particular, they are likely to have 3 lower teethrows and 1 full and 1 partial (limited to a short segment on either side) upper toothrow (Lips and Savage 1996). Centrolenid tadpoles are fossorial, living in the low-oxygen environment under mud and leaf litter in stream bottoms (McDiarmid and Altig 1999). Habitat: Lowland and premontane forest to 1650 m. Ecology: Populations of Cochranella euknemos are beginning to decline east of the Panama Canal due to the invasion of chytrid fungus (Woodhams et al 2008). Call: A fast, blurry creep creep creep (Savage 2002). Karyotype: 2N = Type locality: Costa Rica: Provincia de San José: Canton de Coronado: 1.5 km S Alto La Palma, 1500 m. Diagnostic description: The back has defined light spots. Usually without enlarged parotid glands, but if present. Head lacking ridges. No dorsal fold in the head or fleshy fold on the roof of the mouth. The belly is transparent in living specimens, which will allow the internal organs. The peritoneum of live specimens is white, which obscures most of the viscera. Liver peritoneum is colorless. A conspicuous lack tarsal tubercle, and the leg lacks tarsal fold. They have a fleshy fold or ridge along the posterior margin of the forearm and leg. They have legs with five toes. No two elongated inner tubers, such as shovels, with a free margin. Without a pair of fleshy protrusions on the dorsal terminal finger region. They have a small digital groove, which separates the upper surface of the finger and bearing, at least in the two outer fingers and toes of the foot. Ventral disk lacks. The fingers are usually membranes. Cartilage interlayer present between the last phalanges of the fingers. The talus and calcaneus are fused. The terminals are fastened straight or T or Y. The membrane between the ll-lll fingers is restricted to the base and not as wide as the webbing between fingers III-IV. They have vomerine teeth. Green Bones in live specimens. The muzzle has a strongly obtuse profile and is elongated. With the distance between the eye and the tip of the much larger diameter than the orbital snout. The interorbital distance is wide, greater than eye diameter. Habitat: They live in the tropical wet forest. Reproduction:Eggs are black and white, and were located in a gelatinous mass suspended from the tip of a leaf. Food: They feed on small insects like flies and crickets. Distribution in Costa Rica: In wetlands, low and medium, Volcanic Cordillera Central, between 840 and 1,500 m. Lift (Savage 2002). Distribution outside Costa Rica: Found in Costa Rica and Panama to northern Colombia. |